What types of pyrolysis furnaces are there and how to distinguish them

A pyrolysis furnace is a device that decomposes biomass, waste or other raw materials into gas, liquid and solid through high temperature. Different types of pyrolysis furnaces are classified according to their design, operation mode, applicable raw materials and products.

1. Fixed bed pyrolysis furnace

The fixed bed pyrolysis furnace is the most traditional and common type of pyrolysis furnace, which is widely used for biomass pyrolysis. Its basic working principle is that the raw materials are heated in a fixed bed layer in the furnace and decomposed into gas, liquid and solid through pyrolysis reaction. Fixed bed pyrolysis furnaces are different according to the air flow direction and operation mode.

2. Fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace

The fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace is an efficient pyrolysis furnace with better heat conduction performance. Its working principle is to fluidize the solid particles through the air or gas blown in, and the raw materials are fully mixed and contacted with the high temperature medium in the fluidized bed, thereby accelerating the pyrolysis process.

3. Rotary kiln pyrolysis furnace

The rotary kiln pyrolysis furnace is a pyrolysis equipment that continuously turns and mixes the raw materials by rotating the cylinder. The raw materials are added from one end of the kiln body, gradually decomposed under the action of rotation and high temperature, and the final product is discharged from the other end. The advantage of this equipment is that it can process raw materials in various forms, including granular, flaky and block materials, and has a good heat transfer effect.

4. Microwave pyrolysis furnace

The microwave pyrolysis furnace is a pyrolysis equipment that uses microwaves to heat raw materials. Unlike traditional pyrolysis furnaces, it directly heats the materials through microwaves instead of relying on external heating media. Microwave pyrolysis has the characteristics of fast and uniform heating, which can effectively increase the gas production rate and shorten the reaction time. Microwave pyrolysis furnaces are suitable for treating some specific organic wastes, such as electronic waste, plastic waste, etc.

5. Solar pyrolysis furnace

The solar pyrolysis furnace uses solar energy as a heat source and is suitable for use in sunny areas. The solar energy is converted into high-temperature heat energy through a heat collection device, and then the raw materials are heated for pyrolysis. This type of furnace has unique advantages in energy saving and environmental protection. It is mainly used for small-scale biomass processing, especially in remote areas with energy shortages. There is a certain market prospect.

6. Gasification pyrolysis furnace

The gasification pyrolysis furnace is a device that gasifies and pyrolyzes raw materials at the same time. The raw materials decompose at high temperature, mainly producing combustible gas and a small amount of solid residue. The design and operation requirements of the gasification pyrolysis furnace are high. It is usually used to treat waste or biomass. It can better control the gas production components and is suitable for application scenarios that require efficient gas energy.

Summary of differentiation methods

Heating method: According to the heating method, it can be divided into direct heating and indirect heating.

Reaction bed form: According to the type of reaction bed, it can be divided into fixed bed, fluidized bed and rotary kiln.

Applicable raw materials: Different pyrolysis furnaces are suitable for different types of raw materials. For example, fixed bed is suitable for block materials, fluidized bed is suitable for granular materials, and rotary kiln and microwave oven are more applicable.

Operation scale: Pyrolysis furnaces can be divided into laboratory scale and large-scale industrial application equipment for small and medium-sized enterprises, such as continuous rotary kiln, fluidized bed pyrolysis furnace, etc.

The above are the common types of pyrolysis furnaces on the market and the differentiation methods. Since there are many types of pyrolysis furnaces, and the usage and specifications are also different, it is recommended to refer to the opinions of professional engineers. Hengju Machinery will ask professional engineers to design equipment solutions according to the specific situation of each customer to ensure that each equipment is customized and meets the needs.

If you have any other questions about the pyrolysis furnace, please contact Hengju Machinery and we will be happy to answer them for you.